７个习惯 让你成为高效能人士

Habit 1: Be Proactive Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind Habit 3: Put First Things First Habit 4: Think Win-Win Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, then to be understood Habit 6: Synergize Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw 　　自成书以来，在美国畅销书排行榜盘踞达七年之久，全球７０个国家以２８种语言发行超过一亿册，作者柯维博士也被《时代》杂志誉为人类潜能的导师，并被选入全美２５位最有影响力的人士。《高效能人士的七个习惯》究竟写了些什么，受到如此众多读者的青睐？     ２５年来，我在商界、大学与担任家庭婚姻顾问的工作中，接触过形形色色表面上事业有成、内心却感到匮乏的人，我相信他们所面临的问题也是你所关注的。     习惯一:积极主动     个人愿景的原则     积极主动这个词如今经常出现在管理方面的著作中，它的涵义不仅仅是采取行动，还代表人必须为自己负责。个人行为取决于自身，而非外部环境：理智可以或者战胜感情；人有能力也有责任创造有利的外在环境。有一次我在萨克拉门托演讲，主题正是积极主动，讲到一半时，有一位女士突然站起来发表意见：     你们绝对想像不到我的心路历程！我是一个护士，负责看护过一个可能是世界上最挑剔、最难伺候的病人。他从来没有一句感激的话，反而处处找茬，处处作对，使我每天都过得很痛苦，然后又身不由己地把痛苦发泄在家人身上。其他护士也有同感，我们简直就希望他早点死。     而你居然在台上大谈什么积极主动，说什么未经我同意，谁也不能把我怎么样。难道我的痛苦都是自找的？这观念委实令人难以接受。可是我仍然不断玩味这番话，一直探索到内心最深处。终于我发现自己的确有这个能耐，在硬生生吞下这苦涩的良药，并承认痛苦是自己选择的之后，我体验到人可以选择不要痛苦。那一刻我站了起来，只觉得自己像个重生的犯人，不再受制于别人给我的待遇。愈是艰难痛苦的经验，愈能磨练意志，提升面对未来的勇气，甚至感召他人。     弗兰克曾指出，人生共有三种重要的价值，一是经验价值，来自遭遇；二是创造价值，出自个人独创；三是态度价值，也就是面临困境，比如患绝症时的反应。这三种价值中境界最高的是态度价值。逆境往往能激发思维的改变，使人以全新的观点去看人与事，并由此获得难能可贵的见地。     习惯二：以终为始     自我领导的原则     “以终为始”的习惯可以适用于各个不同的生活层面，而最基本的目的还是人生的最终期许，它是以所有事物都经过两次创造的原则为基础的。所有的事物都有心智的即第一次创造，和实际的即第二次创造。我们做任何事都是先在心中构想，然后付诸实现。     习惯三：要事第一     自我管理的原则     有效管理是掌握重点式的管理，它把最重要的事放在第一位。有领导决定什么是重点后，再靠自制力来掌握重点，时刻把他们放在第一位，以免被感觉、情绪或冲动所左右。要集中精力于当急的要务，就得排除次要事物上的牵绊，此时要有说“不”的勇气。     习惯四：双赢思维     人际领导的原则     利人利己者把生活看作是一个合作的舞台，而不是一个角斗场。一般人看事多用二分法：非强即弱，非胜即败。其实世界之大，人人都有足够的立足空间，他人之得不必就视为自己之失。     习惯五:知彼解己     同理心交流的原则     若要用一句话归纳我在人际关系学方面学到的一个重要原则，那就是：知彼解己——首先寻求去了解对方，然后争取让对方了解自己。这一原则是进行有效人际交流的关键。     假定有一位荒唐的眼科医生为病人配眼镜，居然摘下自己的眼镜让病人试戴，理由是：“我已经戴了１０年，效果很好，就给你吧，反正我家里还有一副。”谁都知道这是行不通的，可医生却说：“我戴得很好，你再试试，别心慌。”病人说：“可是我看到的东西都扭曲了。”医生说：“只要有信心，你一定能看得到。”病人一再抗议，医生居然恼羞成怒：“算我倒霉，好心没好报。”     这位眼科医生尚未诊断就开处方，谁敢领教？但与人沟通时，我们常犯这种不分青红皂白妄下断语的毛病。因此我必须强调，了解别人与表达自我是人际沟通不可缺少的要素，但有时我们有这样一种喜欢匆匆忙忙下建议来解决问题的倾向。     习惯六:统合综效     创造性合作的原则     在互赖关系中，综合效益是对付阻挠成长与改变的最有力的途径。助力通常是积极、合理、自觉、符合经济效益的力量；相反地，阻力多半消极、负面、不合逻辑、情绪化、不自觉。不设法消除阻力，只一味增加推力，就仿佛施力于弹簧上，终有一天引起反弹。如果配合双赢的动机、同理心的沟通技巧与统合综效的整合功夫，不仅可以破解阻力，甚至可以化阻力为动力。     一天早晨，我接到一个土地开发商的求救电话。由于他未按时偿还贷款，银行打算没收抵押的土地，为了保有土地，他又反控了银行。另外，由于开发进度落后，附近的居民纷纷抗议，市政府也备感尴尬。此时，银行与开发商均已投入了巨额的诉讼费，但距离开庭还有好几个月。     经过电话中的一番劝说，他勉强同意用７个习惯中的第４、５、６个习惯与银行方面谈判。早上８点，谈判一开始竟剑拔弩张。前一个半小时，由我讲述双赢思维、知己知彼与统合综效等观念，然后根据初步了解，把银行方面和土地开发商的顾虑都写在黑板上，双方加以讨论和澄清。     正午时分，原定结束会议的时间，会场上讨论的气氛异常热烈，开发商所提的建议正获得热烈的回应。虽然这项谈判后来又持续了一段时间，但官司总算撤回，那片土地上也总算盖起了一栋栋高楼。     习惯七：不断更新     平衡的自我更新原则     人生最值得投资的就是磨练自己，因为生活与服务人群都得靠自己，这是最珍贵的工具。工作本身并不能带来经济上的安全感，具备良好的思考、学习、创造与适应能力，才能立于不败之地。拥有财富，并不代表经济独立，拥有创造财富的能力才真正可靠。     王健整理自《高效能人士的七个习惯》中国青年出版社２００３年１月出版史蒂芬·柯维著

来源：《北京娱乐信报》 2003年2月09日 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Habits_of_Highly_Effective_People The 7 Habits Each chapter is dedicated to one of the habits, which are represented by the following imperatives: The First Three Habits surround moving from dependence to independence (i.e. self mastery) Habit 1: Be Proactive Synopsis: Take initiative in life by realizing your decisions (and how they align with life's principles) are the primary determining factor for effectiveness in your life. Taking responsibility for your choices and the subsequent consequences that follow. Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind Synopsis: Self-discover and clarify your deeply important character values and life goals. Envision the ideal characteristics for each of your various roles and relationships in life. Habit 3: Put First Things First Synopsis: Planning, prioritizing, and executing your week's tasks based on importance rather than urgency. Evaluating if your efforts exemplify your desired character values, propel you towards goals, and enrich the roles and relationships elaborated in Habit 2. The Next Three are to do with Interdependence (i.e. working with others) Habit 4: Think Win-Win Synopsis: Genuinely striving for mutually beneficial solutions or agreements in your relationships. Valuing and respecting people by understanding a "win" for all is ultimately a better long-term resolution than if only one person in the situation had gotten his way. Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, then to be understood Synopsis: Using empathetic listening to be genuinely influenced by a person, which compels them to reciprocate the listening, take an open mind to being influenced by you, which creates an atmosphere of caring, respect, and positive problem solving. Habit 6: Synergize Synopsis: Combining the strengths of people through positive teamwork, so as to achieve goals no one person could have done alone. How to yield the most prolific performance out of a group of people through encouraging meaningful contribution, and modeling inspirational and supportive leadership. The Last habit relates to self-rejuvenation; Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw Synopsis: The balancing and renewal of your resources, energy, and health to create a sustainable long-term effective lifestyle. [edit]Abundance mentality Covey coined the term abundance mentality or abundance mindset, a concept in which a person believes there are enough resources and success to share with others. It is commonly contrasted with the scarcity mindset (i.e. destructive and unnecessary competition), which is founded on the idea that, if someone else wins or is successful in a situation, that means you lose; not considering the possibility of all parties winning (in some way or another) in a given situation. Individuals with an abundance mentality are able to celebrate the success of others rather than be threatened by it.[2] A number of books appearing in business press since then have discussed the idea.[3] The abundance mentality is believed to arrive from having a high self worth and security (see Habits 1, 2, and 3), and leads to the sharing of profits, recognition and responsibility.[4] Organizations may also apply an abundance mentality while doing business.[5] [edit]The Upward Spiral Covey explains the "Upward Spiral" model in the sharpening the saw section. Through our conscience, along with meaningful and consistent progress, the spiral will result in growth, change, and constant improvement. In essence, one is always attempting to integrate and master the principles outlined in The 7 Habits at progressively higher levels at each iteration. Subsequent development on any habit will render a different experience and you will learn the principles with a deeper understanding. The Upward Spiral model consists of three parts: learn, commit, do. According to Covey, one must be increasingly educating the conscience in order to grow and develop on the upward spiral. The idea of renewal by education will propel one along the path of personal freedom, security, wisdom, and power. [6] [edit]Sequels The book was enormously popular[citation needed], and catapulted Covey into public-speaking appearances and workshops. He has also written a number of follow-up books: First Things First Principle Centered Leadership The Power Of The 7 Habits: Applications And Insights Seven Habits of Highly Effective Families Beyond the Seven Habits Living the Seven Habits, a collection of stories from people who have applied the seven habits in their lives The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness, a sequel to The Seven Habits published in 2004 The Leader in Me, a book on using the seven habits for young children, especially in schools, published in 2008. Sean Covey (Stephen's son) has written a version of the book for teens, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens. This version simplifies the 7 Habits for younger readers so they can better understand them. In September 2006, Sean Covey also published The 6 Most Important Decisions You Will Ever Make: A Guide for Teens. This guide highlights key times in the life of a teen and gives advice on how to deal with them. Stephen Covey's eldest son, Stephen M. R. Covey, has written a book titled The Speed of Trust.